Pistachio varieties differ around the world. This valuable plant is cultivated not only in Iran but also in countries such as the United States, Spain, Turkey, Greece, China, Italy, Australia, and more. Different pistachio varieties exist in these countries, with some being cultivated commercially and on a large scale.
Pistachio varieties have different flowering times, and according to their flowering time, they are exposed to frost damage or heat stress. Based on flowering time, they fall into different categories from early to late ripening. Therefore, a variety should be selected that, considering the temperature and climatic conditions of the pistachio cultivation region, causes the least damage to this plant.
What Pistachio Varieties Exist in Iran?
In Iran, there are approximately 90 pistachio varieties. Among the most important ones, we can mention Fandoghi (or Ohadi), Kalleh Ghochi, Akbari, Ahmad Aghaei, Momtaz, White Pistachio Noq, Badami Zarand, Qazvini Pistachio, Khanjeri Damghan, and Shahpasand Damghan.
Pistachio Varieties Based on Flowering Time
Pistachio varieties have different flowering times, and according to their flowering time, they are exposed to frost damage or heat stress.
Early Flowering Varieties
White Pistachio Noq, Kalleh Ghochi, Italian
Medium Flowering Varieties
Ahmad Aghaei, Fandoghi, Badami Zarand
Late Flowering Varieties
Qazvini, Akbari, Jandqi, Ebrahimi
Pistachio Varieties Based on Ripening Time
Based on ripening time, varieties are classified into different categories from very early to very late ripening. In late-ripening varieties, kernel filling occurs later than in early-ripening varieties.
- Very Early Ripening: Very Early Ripening: Razaee Early, Fandoghi Early, Qazvini Very Early, Italian Very Early
- Early Ripening: Early Ripening: Fandoghi, Qazvini Early, Italian Early, Mousa Abadi
- Medium Ripening: Medium Ripening: Khanjeri Damghan, Kalleh Ghochi, Siriizi, Nish Kalaghi, Shahpasand Damghan, Amiri, Badami, Seif Aldini
- Late Ripening: Late Ripening: Badami Riz Zarand, Ahmad Aghaei, Akbari, Herati, White Pistachio Noq, Momtaz
- Very Late Ripening: Very Late Ripening: Ebrahimi, Jandqi, Fandoghi 48
Fandoghi (Round) Pistachio Variety
Fandoghi is one of the most important pistachio varieties in Iran. The shape of its fruit is approximately round (fandoghi). It is a compatible and suitable variety for Iran, and most of the pistachio cultivation area in Rafsanjan is dedicated to it. The height of the Fandoghi tree reaches approximately three meters and has moderate growth.
Fandoghi fruit is relatively small and has high density. This variety is known for its uniform size and natural shells, making it perfect for snacking and retail distribution. These classic Iranian pistachios offer a balanced flavor profile and consistent quality that meets international export standards.
Kalleh Ghochi (Jumbo) Pistachio Variety
Kalleh Ghochi is an early-flowering variety that produces extra-large size pistachios, making it ideal for export markets. These jumbo varieties are carefully selected for their impressive size and exceptional taste. Perfect for high-end markets and specialty food retailers seeking the finest quality. The large size and premium appearance make Kalleh Ghochi one of the most sought-after varieties for international trade.
Akbari (Long) Pistachio Variety
Akbari is a late-flowering variety with elongated fruit shape. This variety is known for its distinctive flavor and high quality. These unique pistachios offer a different shape and texture profile, making them perfect for diverse culinary applications and specialty markets.
Known for their rich, nutty taste and premium appearance, Akbari pistachios are highly valued in export markets. The elongated variety provides excellent kernel filling and is known for its superior quality characteristics.
Ahmad Aghaei (Long) Pistachio Variety
Ahmad Aghaei is a medium-flowering variety with premium elongated fruit. This variety is known for its exceptional quality and distinctive flavor. These pistachios are recognized for their superior size and rich taste, making them ideal for export markets and high-end culinary applications.
The medium flowering time helps protect this variety from early spring frosts while still allowing for good kernel development. Ahmad Aghaei pistachios are highly sought after for their consistent quality and excellent flavor profile.
Other Notable Iranian Varieties
In addition to the major varieties mentioned above, Iran is home to many other pistachio varieties, each with unique characteristics. These include Momtaz, White Pistachio Noq, Badami Zarand, Qazvini, Khanjeri Damghan, and Shahpasand Damghan, among others. Each variety has been developed and refined over generations to suit specific growing conditions and market preferences.
Conclusion
The diversity of pistachio varieties in Iran reflects the rich agricultural heritage and expertise of Iranian pistachio cultivation. From the classic round Fandoghi to the premium long varieties like Akbari and Ahmad Aghaei, each variety offers unique characteristics suited to different markets and applications. Understanding these varieties helps in selecting the right pistachio for specific needs, whether for direct consumption, processing, or export markets.
